National Studies Journal

Understanding the Cultural Components Affecting the Formation of the Architectural Ornamentation of the Historical City of Masouleh

saeid Hasanpour Loumer; Ahad Nejadebrahimi; Hassan Sattarisarbangholi; Ali Vandshoari

Volume 24, Issue 93 , March 2023, , Pages 59-80

Abstract

  The role of cultural interactions in the formation of the architectural identity of each society is one of the topics that is of particular importance in scientific and artistic societies. ...  Read More The role of cultural interactions in the formation of the architectural identity of each society is one of the topics that is of particular importance in scientific and artistic societies. Therefore, in order to recognize the architectural and artistic identity of any society, it is necessary to examine the social, religious, cultural, etc. concepts that were formed in the context of historical periods. The present article seeks to understand the cultural components affecting the identity formation of the ornamentations of the historical city of Masouleh using descriptive-analytical methods and field studies. The findings indicate that the Masouleh ornamentations are influenced by the cultural concepts of two historical periods before and after Islam. The pre-Islamic ornamentations in Masouleh are the result of the religious rituals of ancient Iran and in the Islamic era, they are the result of thoughts of the Ilkhanate, Safavid, Zandiyeh, Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Revolution governments. The most effective concepts in the formation of ornamentations are derived from religious beliefs, naturalism, and respect for nature, geometric and mathematical forms, and cultural and social interactions of non-native immigrants. The results show that Masouleh architecture had the least identity and cultural changes before the Qajar period. However, by entering the Qajar period and the increase of international interactions with European and Western countries, the architecture and artistic ornamentations of Masouleh have changed from the state of introverted architecture, which is one of the components of Iranian Islamic architecture, to extroverted architecture.

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Investigating the Effects of Socio-Cultural and Economic Components on Convergence of the Peoples of Kurdish Provinces of Iran

Dariyoosh Jahani; EzatAllah Ezati; Mohammad-Hasan Nami

Volume 18, Issue 69 , April 2016, , Pages 53-67

Abstract

  Cultural diversity is a universal phenomenon. One of the most important concerns of countries with cultural and ethnic diversity, is preserve and enhance the convergence of different ...  Read More Cultural diversity is a universal phenomenon. One of the most important concerns of countries with cultural and ethnic diversity, is preserve and enhance the convergence of different individuals and groups living in the territory. Some researchers believe that ethnic identities and subcultures not only not in conflict with national identity in Iran, but also act as pillars holding it. Many factors involved in maintaining and strengthening the unity and cohesion of communities and groups living in a land and this subject can be studied from different directions and dimensions. Therefore, in this study the authors have tried to investigate the effects of socio-cultural and economic components on the convergence of the people of Kurdish regions of west of Iran from the perspective of the elite. The method of this research is survey and practical. The data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical population of research involving the experts and elites of ethnic area in two strategic and executive level with a sample size of 90 people and the method of sampling is simple random. The results indicate that socio-cultural factors with 45.25 percent and economic factors with 49.75 percent are as converging factor.

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The Comparative Study of Aspects of Cultural Identity of Iran on the Safavid and Qajars Eras

Seyed Zia Hashemi; Mohammad Javad Imani Khoshkhoo

Volume 17, Issue 67 , October 2015, , Pages 3-20

Abstract

  The Comparative Study of Aspects of Cultural Identity of Iran on the Safavid and Qajars Eras  Read More The Comparative Study of Aspects of Cultural Identity of Iran on the Safavid and Qajars Eras

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Analysis The Effects of Tourists on Culture of Society Using Fuzzy Approach (Case Study: yazd City)

Seyed Habibollah Mirghafoori; Fatemeh Azizi; Faezeh Asadian Ardakani

Volume 17, Issue 67 , October 2015, , Pages 21-34

Abstract

  Tourism industry is considered as one of the main parts of the global economy. Development of tourism as a cultural phenomenon can provide opportunities for cultural exchange between ...  Read More Tourism industry is considered as one of the main parts of the global economy. Development of tourism as a cultural phenomenon can provide opportunities for cultural exchange between tourists and host communities. Tourism can have direct and indirect effects on host society culture. This study was aimed to examine the cultural effects of tourism in city of Yazd using Fuzzy DEMATEL. Results of this study confirm that, achieving new ideas by contacting with other cultures and their lifestyle, changing in behavior patterns of society, leaving cultural beliefs in imitation of tourists, revitalizing national and cultural pride, providing opportunity for identifying and organizing regional cultural resources, and cross-cultural interactions are direct cultural effects of tourism in city of Yazd. Results of this study can be useful in providing strategies for comprehension and management of the cultural effects of tourists in the city of Yazd.

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Designing and Developing the Culture of Holy Defense

Ramazan Shabani Sarooyi

Volume 16, Issue 63 , October 2014, , Pages 45-62

Abstract

  The culture of holy defense is an aspect of the culture that linked to the life and how people act in different issues in preservation of the ideals, values and land-related threats ...  Read More The culture of holy defense is an aspect of the culture that linked to the life and how people act in different issues in preservation of the ideals, values and land-related threats in the field of sustainability of the country in the eight years of holy defense. This culture manage the orientation patterns of the various issues related to independence, stability and development of the country and prepare the people and the community for different actions. Determining the details of defensive culture and criteria and requirements related to its is important and should systematically attempted to design the culture of holy defense. So, the aim of this paper is to develop a model to explain the pattern of holy defense culture. The research method is descriptive analysis and the data collection is library method aims to explain the different dimensions of the holy defense in Iran. The results of research indicate that a variety of dimensions, components and meaningful indicators of holy defense is rooted in the Iranian Islamic identity.

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Neoliberalism, Consumerism and the Challenges for Education Based on the Iranian-Islamic Identity

Hamdollah Mohammadi

Volume 16, Issue 61 , April 2014, , Pages 25-44

Abstract

  This paper explores the challenges for Iranian education in dealing with culture of consumerism of the Neoliberalism. Methodologically, this paper bases on the qualitive research method, ...  Read More This paper explores the challenges for Iranian education in dealing with culture of consumerism of the Neoliberalism. Methodologically, this paper bases on the qualitive research method, and uses analytic- descriptive method. For this, primarily consumerism culture is analyzed, then the   challenges of this culture for Iranian education are investigated. Possessive individualism, commercialization, marketization, increasing competition, economy based on chance, and accountability (based on free market model) in cultural institution (audit culture); are some of the important ideological bases of the consumerism. Findings indicate that consumer culture of Neoliberalism, its materialist and greedy nature, possessive individualism, deprivation of the low-income class, luxury-seeking, reduction of human agency, competing for wealth creation, and the social valuation based of wealth; all of these make the major challenges for Iranian education. Revival of the Islamic consumption pattern, strengthening humanities for critique of the consumerism, and converging social institutions for reinforcement of the Iranian-Islamic Identity; are some suggestion for emancipation of the domination of consumerism culture.

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Broadcasting and Representation of Culture and Identity in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Aliashraf Nazari; Ali Hasanpour; Ayoob Geravand

Volume 16, Issue 64 , January 2014, , Pages 21-40

Abstract

  Today, mass media has taken over wide range of symbols, norms, values, beliefs, messages and thoughts in the community. The tools affected by the development of the role of mass media ...  Read More Today, mass media has taken over wide range of symbols, norms, values, beliefs, messages and thoughts in the community. The tools affected by the development of the role of mass media have been able to play an important role in the process of construction of identity, culture and power. In this regard, after the theoretical aspects of the media, we consider the negative and positive policies that IRIB through which seeks to establish and continue an identity discourse to represent the channels and mechanisms of power in the dominant discourse and the consequences of its identity in children's programs, series, movies and family programs, commercials were identified. Mass mediautilizes the identity, cultural and religious tools to produce and disseminate the discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran within all social structures. In this sense, with transition the classical theories which consider the power as underlying field of the society and an independent matter, we see the power in associated with actions and legal processes, political, cultural, psychological and ideological views which released through media production.

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Americanism and ways to Combat with it from Imam Khomeini View Point

Ahmad Salahshoori

Volume 15, Issue 60 , January 2014, , Pages 27-48

Abstract

  The main purpose of this research is describing the Americanism and ways of opposition and combating with it from Imam khomain view point. Due to the Basics the of modern age epistemology ...  Read More The main purpose of this research is describing the Americanism and ways of opposition and combating with it from Imam khomain view point. Due to the Basics the of modern age epistemology and periodicals of history this claim is formed that mind structure and rationality of the human being is the same in all the communities. Accordingly, the west demanded unification of mankind. One of the most important currents in recent decades especially after the Islamic revolution is Anti-Americanism. Imam oppose any kind of cultural colonialism. A descriptive- analytic research Method was used. Research findings show that the Americanism want people release their identification and accept the American culture voluntarily. Anti- Americanism in Imam view shows itself in the following concepts :Great-Satan, the Source of corruption, number one enemy of mankind and etc. In Imam Khomeini’s view point the important way to deal with Americanism is maintenance of Iranian-Islamic culture.

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Elements and Symbols of Islamic Identity in Iranian Carpet

Mohammad Afrough; Bahareh Barati

Volume 14, Issue 53 , April 2013, , Pages 121-142

Abstract

  Certainly, an important part of Iranian identity is rooted in Islamic Civilization and Islamic identity be manifested and appeared in the elements, ideas, teachings and beliefs of Islam ...  Read More Certainly, an important part of Iranian identity is rooted in Islamic Civilization and Islamic identity be manifested and appeared in the elements, ideas, teachings and beliefs of Islam and Shiite. Carpeting art is one of the native and applied arts that with using of the symbols, concepts and Islamic themes, especially Shiite worldview, including epiphany of the heaven and its elements (trees in the garden scene, and vegetable and plant motifs), religious teachings (holy and prophetic verses and sayings), visual narratives (visiting Imam Ali (aS) from patients, the Prophet's Ascension), the scene of Ashura, visual icons of Prophet and imams (aS), invocations and prayers attributed to Shia in inscriptions and literature (Nadeali prayer, Ziarat-e-Ashura), as well as is the representative of the Islamic identity. This article with selecting fifteen carpets which have icons, concepts and themes of Shiite and Islam, analyzes the Islamic identity and its associated elements in these Iranian carpets.

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Culture, Power and Meaning: Educational System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Aliashraf Nazari; Ali Hasanpour

Volume 13, Issue 2 , December 2012, , Pages 27-51

Abstract

  The main power has effects on educational system, both an overt and a covert way, so, governments try to benefit from the educational system to promote their values and thereby to reproduce ...  Read More The main power has effects on educational system, both an overt and a covert way, so, governments try to benefit from the educational system to promote their values and thereby to reproduce their hegemony. So, the main question of this article is the main power in the Islamic Republic of Iran is located in what areas, and what is the role of high education in legitimizing to the power in the Islamic Republic? Also, the main hypothesis is: "the structures of power in the Islamic Republic of Iran, based on the concept of culture that is present in all social and political structures. This type of culture is linked with the special type of education. In this paper, the authors, first, study the relationship between culture (as the main field of power structure in the Islamic Republic), and the educational system, then, the meaning of cultural discourse of Islamic Republic that is trying to consolidate it in the educational system has been analyzed.

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Explanation of the Raison d’etre of the State (Case study: Iran)

Mohammad Reza Hafezneya; Pirouz Mojtahedzadeh; Abolfazl Kavandi kateb

Volume 13, Issue 49 , April 2012, , Pages 3-28

Abstract

  The State includes of the independent political-geographical determinants that they are the most important division of the present world and this matter at first, is created in Iran ...  Read More The State includes of the independent political-geographical determinants that they are the most important division of the present world and this matter at first, is created in Iran and in Achaemenian period. The Main factor or factors are Reasons d'être and Survival of State that they are important for appearance and continuation of state. Iran is a historic state that civilization and establishment of that has been passing several centuries. Some scholars and experts have expressed some opinions about the foundations of national identity, Reasons d'être and Survival of Iran. Each of the research has been focused on a factor or some factors of Iranian national identity according to the specialty and interesting field of scholars. The main question of this research is, what are the Reasons of d'être and Survival of Iran? And do these factors have the same share? Description-analytic method has been used in this research and the results of the survey show that Iran has several main Reasons d'être and Survival.

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The distortion of Iranian identity of Khuzistan

Asghar Jafari Valdani

Volume 12, Issue 47 , October 2011, , Pages 3-23

Abstract

  Khuzestan was a part of the IRAN from the beginning of history. Historical and geographical documents, affirm this fact since the ancient periods of history until now. Moreover Khuzestan ...  Read More Khuzestan was a part of the IRAN from the beginning of history. Historical and geographical documents, affirm this fact since the ancient periods of history until now. Moreover Khuzestan is the primordial origin of the Iranian civilization and culture. From the middle of the 19th century, so many efforts have been done for parting this part of the land of IRAN, but these efforts haven’t reached any results until now and the main reason was Iranian identity of Khuzestan. Therefore the antagonist powers have concentrated their efforts to distortion of the identity of this part of IRAN. They try to signalize the linguistic and ethnical distinctive lines in Khuzestan in the case of cultural proceedings and sometimes political proceedings. Also they try to prepare the situations for the proceedings which are out of Iranian identity in the name of historiography or consciousness. Hence they have started to think about "culture making", "history making" and "nation-making".

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Dress as Identity

Mahboobe Elahi

Volume 11, Issue 42 , July 2010, , Pages 3-30

Abstract

  Clothing forms a kind of a communication network between people through the usage of signs and symbols. Sometimes the symbolic values of the societies find their way into clothing and ...  Read More Clothing forms a kind of a communication network between people through the usage of signs and symbols. Sometimes the symbolic values of the societies find their way into clothing and apparel. These values play a big role in maintaining the cultural elements of people. The basic role of clothing might have been for protection reasons only but later on, according to the development of social and cultural activities, it found a new symbolic role. The dress mostly is a representative of social identity of its wearer. To understand the sociological role of clothing, in making part of the identity of the people, one must understand its values. Also should be aware of the fact that, same as language differences, clothing also is a way to identify various cultures from each other; therefore it is as vital for a culture, as the linguistic aspects. Local customs of each area can play the same role, therefore as changing people's language has vast impacts on vanishing their identity, changing the clothing can have same impact on identity aspects. In this Paper, we will investigate the national, regional and personal values of clothing; and will also provide examples of Iranian people's awareness about this issue in the history. Studying the impacts of clothing on identity is another important issue that we will try to address and also we will try to find the answer to the question that are the effective parameters on identity, the same parameters that have direct impact on clothing or not.

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Cultural Elements of Iranians Continuation

Karim Khanmohammadi

Volume 10, Issue 38 , July 2009, , Pages 3-26

Abstract

  Pointing out the characteristics of the Iranian culture throughout history such as Iranianism, Religion, imperial system, cultural diversity, cultural tolerance, and cultural continuation, ...  Read More Pointing out the characteristics of the Iranian culture throughout history such as Iranianism, Religion, imperial system, cultural diversity, cultural tolerance, and cultural continuation, the writer believes that culture, despite changes that are innate to social phenomena, possesses a series of constant elements that are often refereed to as the “Spirit of Nations.” This paper intends to answer the essential question that how and through what mechanism has the Iranian culture, despite the presence of fertile grounds for disintegration, been able to preserve its solidity throughout time; what challenges has the Iranian identity been facing in the recent century, and what challenges and issues have the past social and political movements been trying to meet and resolve. In answer to these questions, by studying historical documents we can point out to this hypothesis that because of its geographical position and diversity, Iran has always had to deal with cultural diversity throughout history and thus grounds have always been prepared for the breakdown of the country’s social structure. On the other hand, spiritual individuality, with its two prominent qualities of belief in a monotheistic origin and a bright future, demands historical solidity. Hence, to overcome the challenge of “social solidity” and “breakdown”, the Iranians turned to the idea of “hakim-e hakam” that manifested itself in the imperial system of the country. By turning to this system, despite facing such major problems as the Hellenic Crisis, the Turkic Crisis, and the Arabic Crisis, the Iranian culture has managed to preserve its entirety and absorb and digest alien elements without loosing its Iranian nature. The most important crisis for the Iranian culture in the recent century has been dealing with the Western Modernity. Because of its inclination towards autocracy and lack of compatibility with environmental changes, the imperial system lost its ability in answering the historical demands of the Iranian nation which required the protection of the Iranian Spirit in its totality and thus gave way to the rise of puritan movements. The Iranian movements including the Constitutional and Islamic Revolutions generally rose to prominence with slogans such as “independence seeking”, “religious predominance”, and “anti-dictatorial positions” in reaction to the internal despotism and Western cultural invasion. This can be interpreted as the absorption and digestion of Western Modernity by a culture that is trying to preserve its Iranian essence just like the past 3000 years. The “Velai” system rooted in the Islamic Revolution is in fact a response to the historical Iranian demand requiring a “hakim-e hakam” who could be able to safeguard cultural diversity while at the same time protect religious principles and national identity of the country.

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Globalization of Culture with Focus on Social Identity "Youths in Esfehan"

Mahdi Adebi; Behjat Yazdkhasti; Mahnaz Farhmand

Volume 9, Issue 35 , October 2008, , Pages 99-118

Abstract

  Globalization as an inevitable process of 21th century is a phenomenon which its broad consequences have influenced different political, economic, social and cultural aspects of the ...  Read More Globalization as an inevitable process of 21th century is a phenomenon which its broad consequences have influenced different political, economic, social and cultural aspects of the world societies such as Iran in the last decade of the 20th century. It cannot be ignored that due to these changes, different aspects of human life, their relations and identities have been affected in the world. The following writing aims to studying the effects of cultural globalization on youth identity that has been doing by survey method. Information has been gathered from 384 with a questionnaire in Isfahan city. The results of this study indicates that there is a strang relationship between globalization process and the prominence of the identity multiple aspects. The changes formed in recognition, value, and exactness of identity with using information and communication technologies, as well as the knowledge and informed choice of individuals will be manifested in the areas like tendency towards consumption, modern objects, and new cultural values.

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Deliberations on The Cultural Geography influences between Iran and Egypt

Masumeh Nasiri

Volume 8, Issue 32 , January 2008, , Pages 77-98

Abstract

  The aim of the present research is to study the manner of creation and expansion of historical and cultural ties of Iran and Egypt. For this reason, the study has focused on the religious, ...  Read More The aim of the present research is to study the manner of creation and expansion of historical and cultural ties of Iran and Egypt. For this reason, the study has focused on the religious, architectural as well as intellectual-cultural behaviors of these two countries. The research methodology is based on primary and secondary sources accumulated from different libraries. The result of this case study shows that the most important reason for the increase of social relationships between Iran and Egypt has been cultural cooperation and mutual respect to their religions in the past. After the emergence of Islam, too, gradual influence of religion and presence of Iranian architects in the major building constructions as well as presence of thinkers and newspaper publications during the last two centuries have caused the expansion of cultural connections between Iran and Egypt. With due attention to the fact that each of these two countries are counted as important Islamic societies in the world, promotion of political and economic relationships would lead to the extension of socio-cultural cooperation, as well.

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Islamic Countries & Cultural Barriers

Mahmoud Sari-ol-Qalam

Volume 6, Issue 21 , April 2005, , Pages 29-46

Abstract

  In comparison to other developing countries, the Islamic countries have had more serious predicaments in the process of social, cultural, economic and political modernity and modernization. ...  Read More In comparison to other developing countries, the Islamic countries have had more serious predicaments in the process of social, cultural, economic and political modernity and modernization. The considerable speed seen in South East Asian countries and East European countries is an indication of these regions modernistic capacities. In such a framework, culture, cultural background and beliefs on the one hand and the nature of centers of power on the other are the two determining variables in transferring from pre-modernism to the period and process  of modernity. In this paper, these two variables are applied to Arab as well as non-Arab countries of the Middle East. The nature of cultural beliefs related to modernistic processes will be compared to such countries as Hungry, Poland, Malaysia and South Korea. The nature of the centers of power and their viewpoints are more important than cultural beliefs which can act as facilitators or barriers in the process of modernization. This demonstrates the extent that the centers of power in a country can comprehend the realities of global processes, and the extent that they find their profits in line with national benefits of their country. The paper will eventually conclude that the cultural barriers within a society and the culture and nature of centers of power are the two determining factors in the backwardness of Islamic countries on the threshold of the 21st  century.

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Discourse of Dialogue; Dialectic of Civilizational Cooperation and Cultural Coexistence

Seyed Hossein Seifzadeh

Volume 3, Issue 12 , January 2002, , Pages 27-43

Abstract

  The present era is that of the domination of modernity over the previous intellectual traditions. But historical analyses and forecast of the changes have led to the formation of three ...  Read More The present era is that of the domination of modernity over the previous intellectual traditions. But historical analyses and forecast of the changes have led to the formation of three notions in this regard. Fokoyama and his colleagues believe in the end of conflicts and acceptance of liberal-democracy; Samuel Huntington through his theory of Clash of Civilizations argues that the spread of modernity and modernization in the sphere of other civilizations causes disorderliness and strain which will be manifested in the form of retaliatory reactions to the West. Seyed Mohammad Khatami’s notion of Dialogue Among Civilizations, which combines pluralism of modernity with traditions, relies on the philosophical bases of the ancient world for his ethical universalism and advocates dialogue among civilizations. The author tries in the present article to prove that civilization has an expansive, extravert approach to the globalization, while culture has an introvert, contractive approach towards this phenomenon. Hence through propounding globalism and pluralistic exchange whose objective is coexistence of cultures, a better model for globalization and international relations could be found.

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Some Approaches to Dialogue Among Civilizations

Seyed Mohammad Mahdizadeh

Volume 3, Issue 12 , January 2002, , Pages 91-115

Abstract

  In today’s culturally and religiously diverse and pluralistic world, dialogue is necessary for mutual understanding and for proximity of the intellectual horizons to one another ...  Read More In today’s culturally and religiously diverse and pluralistic world, dialogue is necessary for mutual understanding and for proximity of the intellectual horizons to one another in order to reach understanding and accord – not to absorb and integrate one into another. The main thrust of the present article is to answer to the question whether human beings belonging to different cultures and civilizations can hold dialogue with one another. The author tries to answer the question in the light of theoretical  approaches to modernity, post modernity, and hermeneutics. He refers to the holistic modernist as well as relativist postmodernist approaches.

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Women Contribution to Dialogue Among Civilizations

Seyed Ya'qub Moosavi

Volume 3, Issue 12 , January 2002, , Pages 117-136

Abstract

  As an alternative doctrine, the issue of dialogue among civilizations has been discussed by thinkers and experts in the East and West, particularly in the past decade and has drawn ...  Read More As an alternative doctrine, the issue of dialogue among civilizations has been discussed by thinkers and experts in the East and West, particularly in the past decade and has drawn the attention of many policymaking centers. The principles and theoretical and applied prospects of the said notion has turned into an instrument for a new interpretation of the realities and events in the social and cultural fields and also in regulation of relations among nations and civilizations. The current trend of the dialogue among civilizations indicates that new political, scientific challenges will emerge with regard to sociological, ethnic, religious and social aspects of human communities. Moreover the objective of this approach is to explore new avenues to increase knowledge of the existing capabilities in order reduce social and cultural problems. In the studies and planning of the dialogue among civilizations normally the role of social forces and elements, including the women, has been overlooked. The present article argues that  dialogue among civilizations is an alternative to the classic sociopolitical theories and tries to study the contribution of women in the process of development.

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Culture: Invasion, Exchange, Transformation

Ahmad Gol - Mohammadi

Volume 2, Issue 6 , July 2001, , Pages 73-101

Abstract

  "Westernization", "spread of the culture of consumerism" and "Prevailence of American life - style" are three developed forms of cultural invasion. In the beginning, the Western culture ...  Read More "Westernization", "spread of the culture of consumerism" and "Prevailence of American life - style" are three developed forms of cultural invasion. In the beginning, the Western culture gave a particular definition of itself, as a universal and general phenomenon. But today, the prevailing interpretation of the concept of globalization means: consumption of American goods and cultural products. It means that the cultural arenas are overcome by the economic influence. Therefore the issue that comes to the fore is the "globalization of culture" or culturalization of the globe", Today’s world is not a uniform, monotonous one, rather it is a diverse and pluarlistic world in which the instruments of life are dialogue, compromise and exchange. The present article maintains that "resistance", "exchange", and "cultural change" can be offered vis - à - vis the cultural invasion.

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Globalization and National Identity

Mohammad Reza Dehshiri

Volume 2, Issue 5 , April 2001, , Pages 71-100

Abstract

  Defining the pessimistic view towards the concept of globalism as an imposed project and the optimistic assumption of globalization as an extensive process, the author deals with its ...  Read More Defining the pessimistic view towards the concept of globalism as an imposed project and the optimistic assumption of globalization as an extensive process, the author deals with its positive as well as negative impacts on national identity based upon the theory of "Uniformity in spite of breaks". Some of the positive outcomes of globalization are promotion of cooperation, interaction, exchange, equilibrium, exdurence, flexibility, capacity, pluralism, reproduction of human awareness and the development of intermadiatory facilities of national identites. Nrgative consequences of globalization, which generally lead to the weakening of national identity, also include increase of stractural conflicts, dualtiy of identity, cultural unification, and rein forcement of centrifugal tendencies. Finally, some strategies are suggested for the transformation of challenges to opportunities through "the management of changes".

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Political culture and National Identity

Rasoul Nafisi; Mandana Tishehyar

Volume 2, Issue 5 , April 2001, , Pages 177-191

Abstract

  Political culture often leads to the formation of different viewpoints of people towards their national identity. What makes the members of a given society to assume a unique identity ...  Read More Political culture often leads to the formation of different viewpoints of people towards their national identity. What makes the members of a given society to assume a unique identity for themselves, is mainly their culture and its symbolic aspects. In this article, describing the process of the creation of political culture and its components, the author attempts to, first study the relative position of identity in this area, then summarily discuss some features of Iranian as well as western political cultures.

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