Representation of Ethnic Identity-Seeking Symbols on Instagram

Considering the challenges related to ethnic and cultural diversity in Iranian society and the consequences thereof, the present study analyzes the elements and messages representing ethnic identity-seeking on Instagram pages. The primary research question is: What are the main messages, features, and symbols of ethnic nationalism employed by Turkish identity-seekers on Instagram? This study employs semiotics and qualitative content analysis methodologies. The study population comprises Instagram pages of ethnic identity-seekers, with a sample of four selected images chosen purposively from Instagram pages during Fall 2021. The selected images were analyzed using Saussure's semiotic perspectives, Peirce's semiotic elements, and Roland Barthes's explicit and implicit connotations. The qualitative content analysis included Castells' theory of identity, Smith’s ethnic nationalism intensity, and persuasive techniques and appeals. Findings indicate that the recurring use of symbols associated with Turkish ethnicity in the analyzed images generally signifies a Pan-Turkic identity, advocating for an independent state for Turkish-speaking peoples worldwide. Iconic signs such as the "Grey Wolf," the wolf hand gesture, the Turkish and Azerbaijani flags, and historical figures like Babak Khorramdin, Oghuz Khan, and Tomyris—symbols of Azerbaijani mythology—are prominently featured. Ethnic demands are also articulated using cultural elements such as football, employing emotional, logical, and nostalgic appeals to capture audience attention.