Persian poetry and literature has a very close connection with our Iranian culture and national identity. This is not unrelated to say Persian literary is historical token of our nation because we learn the historical data of our territory through of persian poetry and prose, especially Ferdosi's famous reflect, Shahname. One of the cases that help us to find our identity is awareness of the relationship of our ancestors with others. Although the identity is specific matter for an individual or a community but obviously it can grow and develop over time and for have more development it is necessary to have relationship with others.
This study while tries to define identity and national identity, it is specified to the last contact between the two country, Iran and Rome. It is divided to three sections: the classification of relationship to hostile, friendly and medieval (sometimes friendly, sometimes hostile) and the relationship between the countries. This article introduced the relationships between two countries as medieval.