Creating National Identity in Belgium; Educational Policy in Primary Schools

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Maedeh Karimi 1
Habib Allah Fazeli 2
1 M.A. of Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor of political science, Tehran University, Iran
10.22034/rjnsq.2021.137017
Abstract
National identity is one of the bases of maintaining unity and integrity within a nation, and the governments are obliged to strengthen the components of national identity in the society in order to maintain the existence and integrity of the country. A way for educating students about national identity is through the codification of curriculum and textbooks in the schools. Considering that national identity means having a sense of belonging to a country in which the people have shared language, land, cultural heritage and customs, emotions and memories, political system, symbols, and national heroes, history, economic unity, art, literature, and even similar religion; this sense of belonging in a nation creates a kind of solidarity and unity. In this article, the existence of national identity components in the formal education of primary schools in Belgium has been studied, by analyzing the content of primary school curriculums and the answers of primary schools teachers to questionnaires containing 25 questions in three languages of English, French, and Dutch which were sent to 3140 primary schools in Belgium. The Educational questionnaires and phenomenological results of the Belgian government's political and sociological actions in the society show that the state is not only indifferent to the national identity and its consolidation but also seeks to consolidate national identity and nation-building based on the defined Belgian values. This article is based on library studies, obtaining information through a set of questionnaires and direct observation of the environment, using document-based, descriptive, qualitative content analysis and field studies.
Keywords
National Identity
Primary School Curriculum
Belgian Government
Primary School
Formal Education
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