Institute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901Reconstructing the Paradigmatic Model of Theoretical Problem Inference: A Conceptual Framework for the Security IssueReconstructing the Paradigmatic Model of Theoretical Problem Inference: A Conceptual Framework for the Security Issue72925200810.22034/rjnsq.2026.595276.1789FANourallahNourani*Postdoc in Sociology, University of Tehran, and Faculty Member, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran.0009-0009-9810-6527AliAlaeiPh.D. Candidate in Research Studies and Faculty Member, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author0009-0001-1782-6031Journal Article20260518Security studies have largely treated the security issue as a given phenomenon and have primarily focused on explaining its causes, consequences, and policy responses. Consequently, the theoretical process through which a social condition becomes a security issue—and the role of paradigmatic assumptions in that process—has received limited attention in the philosophy of social science. This study aims to reconstruct the logic of theoretical problem inference, with an emphasis on the security issue, and to develop a conceptual model explaining this process. The research is theoretical in nature, adopts a qualitative approach, and employs comparative qualitative content analysis. Drawing on foundational texts in the philosophy of social science and key works in security studies, the study reanalyzes ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions across major social science paradigms using abductive reasoning. The findings indicate that a security issue is not an inherent property of social phenomena but is constituted through the philosophical assumptions of each paradigm regarding social reality, the possibility of knowledge, and the logic of inquiry. Accordingly, the proposed conceptual model reconstructs theoretical problem inference through three interconnected dimensions—diagnosis, explanation, and intervention—which emerge as logical consequences of the coherence among ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations rather than as independent analytical or policy stages. The study's main theoretical contribution lies not in redefining security itself but in reconstructing the paradigmatic logic of security issue formation, shifting the analytical focus from responses to security issues toward the conditions that make them theoretically conceivable. The proposed model also provides a conceptual framework applicable to the analysis of other social issues beyond security.Security studies have largely treated the security issue as a given phenomenon and have primarily focused on explaining its causes, consequences, and policy responses. Consequently, the theoretical process through which a social condition becomes a security issue—and the role of paradigmatic assumptions in that process—has received limited attention in the philosophy of social science. This study aims to reconstruct the logic of theoretical problem inference, with an emphasis on the security issue, and to develop a conceptual model explaining this process. The research is theoretical in nature, adopts a qualitative approach, and employs comparative qualitative content analysis. Drawing on foundational texts in the philosophy of social science and key works in security studies, the study reanalyzes ontological, epistemological, and methodological assumptions across major social science paradigms using abductive reasoning. The findings indicate that a security issue is not an inherent property of social phenomena but is constituted through the philosophical assumptions of each paradigm regarding social reality, the possibility of knowledge, and the logic of inquiry. Accordingly, the proposed conceptual model reconstructs theoretical problem inference through three interconnected dimensions—diagnosis, explanation, and intervention—which emerge as logical consequences of the coherence among ontological, epistemological, and methodological foundations rather than as independent analytical or policy stages. The study's main theoretical contribution lies not in redefining security itself but in reconstructing the paradigmatic logic of security issue formation, shifting the analytical focus from responses to security issues toward the conditions that make them theoretically conceivable. The proposed model also provides a conceptual framework applicable to the analysis of other social issues beyond security.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252008_4cc9341ce137d035774e767c058cdcab.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901Identifying and Analyzing the Drivers Influencing National Identity in Iran: A Futures Studies ApproachIdentifying and Analyzing the Drivers Influencing National Identity in Iran: A Futures Studies Approach335625200910.22034/rjnsq.2026.547474.1733FABabakArsiaFaculty Member at the ACECR Institute of Humanities and Social Studies, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).0000-0002-2879-3802Journal Article20260221National identity, as a key factor in the cohesion and stability of sociopolitical systems, has encountered extensive challenges and transformations in the era of globalization. As a country with an ancient civilization, ethnic and religious diversity, and a history of rapid political changes, Iran requires a deeper understanding of the factors shaping and transforming its national identity. This study aims to identify and analyze the key driving forces affecting the future of national identity in Iran through a futures studies approach. The research employs structural analysis using the MICMAC software. The required data were collected through extensive library research and a questionnaire administered to 12 experts in the fields of social sciences, political science, and future studies. The findings indicate that factors such as employment and social welfare, the functioning of the political–ideological system, the equitable distribution of resources and wealth, the role and performance of elites, political stability, and developments in information technology are among the key variables with the greatest influence on the system. These variables constitute the critical driving forces, and the future of national identity depends largely on how they evolve. Finally, based on the findings, plausible scenarios for the future of national identity in Iran were developed, and strategies for strengthening its resilience were proposed.National identity, as a key factor in the cohesion and stability of sociopolitical systems, has encountered extensive challenges and transformations in the era of globalization. As a country with an ancient civilization, ethnic and religious diversity, and a history of rapid political changes, Iran requires a deeper understanding of the factors shaping and transforming its national identity. This study aims to identify and analyze the key driving forces affecting the future of national identity in Iran through a futures studies approach. The research employs structural analysis using the MICMAC software. The required data were collected through extensive library research and a questionnaire administered to 12 experts in the fields of social sciences, political science, and future studies. The findings indicate that factors such as employment and social welfare, the functioning of the political–ideological system, the equitable distribution of resources and wealth, the role and performance of elites, political stability, and developments in information technology are among the key variables with the greatest influence on the system. These variables constitute the critical driving forces, and the future of national identity depends largely on how they evolve. Finally, based on the findings, plausible scenarios for the future of national identity in Iran were developed, and strategies for strengthening its resilience were proposed.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252009_e7eacad38b35f618fabb3d945792c243.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901Critical Discourse Analysis of “Iranian” Identity in the Thought of Mohammad-Ali Eslami-NadooshanCritical Discourse Analysis of “Iranian” Identity in the Thought of Mohammad-Ali Eslami-Nadooshan597625201010.22034/rjnsq.2026.544745.1726FAMohammadKamali GookiAssistant Professor, Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).AliakbarJafare NodoshanAssociate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Political Science, and History, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran.Journal Article20260219Understanding Iranian identity in the era of "patchwork identities" has been a major concern for Iranian intellectuals. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article investigates how "Iranian" identity is conceptualized within the discourse of Mohammad-Ali Eslami-Nadooshan. In this discourse, Iran is not merely a geographical territory, but a cultural-historical entity that, in reaction to political domination, civilizational collapse, and cultural invasion, has sought refuge over centuries in institutions such as the Persian language, mysticism, and literature. Through metaphorical, intertextual, and critical language, Eslami-Nadooshan constructs a discourse in which culture plays the pivotal role in the persistence of Iranian identity. Research findings indicate that his discourse consists of three semantic layers: "defensive identity," "hybrid identity," and "global identity," offering a cultural alternative to Iran's historical crises. Revisiting the views of intellectuals like Eslami-Nadooshan, who have strived to establish a balance between Iranian tradition, Islamic teachings, and Western modernity, can contribute to a better understanding of the cultural roots of Iranian identity and its approach to contemporary crises.Understanding Iranian identity in the era of "patchwork identities" has been a major concern for Iranian intellectuals. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article investigates how "Iranian" identity is conceptualized within the discourse of Mohammad-Ali Eslami-Nadooshan. In this discourse, Iran is not merely a geographical territory, but a cultural-historical entity that, in reaction to political domination, civilizational collapse, and cultural invasion, has sought refuge over centuries in institutions such as the Persian language, mysticism, and literature. Through metaphorical, intertextual, and critical language, Eslami-Nadooshan constructs a discourse in which culture plays the pivotal role in the persistence of Iranian identity. Research findings indicate that his discourse consists of three semantic layers: "defensive identity," "hybrid identity," and "global identity," offering a cultural alternative to Iran's historical crises. Revisiting the views of intellectuals like Eslami-Nadooshan, who have strived to establish a balance between Iranian tradition, Islamic teachings, and Western modernity, can contribute to a better understanding of the cultural roots of Iranian identity and its approach to contemporary crises.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252010_e8ddb5cf068e0f7440e1b2fe1cc29709.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901Investigating the Relationship between Political Socialization and National Identity in Iran (A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at Allameh Tabataba'i University)Investigating the Relationship between Political Socialization and National Identity in Iran (A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at Allameh Tabataba'i University)7910525201110.22034/rjnsq.2026.542493.1719FAAliAsgariPh.D. Student in Political Science (Political Sociology), Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).0009-0004-2173-7033Mohammd BagherKhoramshadProfessor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-0383-4708AbbasaliRahbarProfessor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-4170-1316Journal Article20260224The rapid evolution of Iranian society and the emergence of new behavioral patterns among the younger generation, coupled with value gaps driven by nascent technologies, have posed significant challenges for policymakers. In this context, understanding "Generation Z" is of paramount importance. The concepts of "Political Socialization" and "National Identity" serve as the most comprehensive frameworks for this inquiry. The main question of this research is to investigate the relationship between political socialization and national identity in Iran. Employing a quantitative methodology and stratified random sampling, 350 undergraduate students from Allameh Tabataba'i University were selected. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings reveal that the national identity of 84.4% of the students is at a high level, whereas their official political socialization is relatively low, at 51.1%. Pearson's correlation test ($r = 0.541$) demonstrated a direct, moderate relationship between political socialization and national identity. However, the decline in political socialization has not led to a corresponding decrease in national identity. This outcome highlights the complexity of the relationship between political socialization and national identity in Iran; demonstrating that national identity has remained at a high level independently of the low level of official political socialization. Consequently, the results emphasize the necessity of more precise policymaking to bridge value gaps and foster a deeper understanding of the new generation.The rapid evolution of Iranian society and the emergence of new behavioral patterns among the younger generation, coupled with value gaps driven by nascent technologies, have posed significant challenges for policymakers. In this context, understanding "Generation Z" is of paramount importance. The concepts of "Political Socialization" and "National Identity" serve as the most comprehensive frameworks for this inquiry. The main question of this research is to investigate the relationship between political socialization and national identity in Iran. Employing a quantitative methodology and stratified random sampling, 350 undergraduate students from Allameh Tabataba'i University were selected. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings reveal that the national identity of 84.4% of the students is at a high level, whereas their official political socialization is relatively low, at 51.1%. Pearson's correlation test ($r = 0.541$) demonstrated a direct, moderate relationship between political socialization and national identity. However, the decline in political socialization has not led to a corresponding decrease in national identity. This outcome highlights the complexity of the relationship between political socialization and national identity in Iran; demonstrating that national identity has remained at a high level independently of the low level of official political socialization. Consequently, the results emphasize the necessity of more precise policymaking to bridge value gaps and foster a deeper understanding of the new generation.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252011_c4cc7f458c65a11bb623ed09e11dec81.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901A study on the formulatio A Study on the Formulation of Strategic Narrative in History Textbooks (Case study: Eleventh Grade History Textbook)A study on the formulatio A Study on the Formulation of Strategic Narrative in History Textbooks (Case study: Eleventh Grade History Textbook)10913225201410.22034/rjnsq.2026.542353.1718FAMohammadTahmasebi BornaImam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Secretary of History0009-0003-5866-183XJournal Article20260217History textbooks are one of the important tools in forming and transmitting "identity" with national and international characteristics among students. Analyzing the content of these books, especially at the secondary level, clarifies the extent to which their authors have been able to act as a communication, management, and educational tool, helping students to have a common understanding of the current situation, the future vision, and their role in realizing this vision, and to convey these concepts to students through their content and work effectively towards their internalization. The aim of this research is to analyze the formation and formulation of a strategic narrative, trace its components in textbooks, and the quality of its coherence in a whole course unit. The main question of this research is based on how the components of a strategic grand narrative are formulated in the eleventh grade history curriculum. The basis of the work is to examine the strategic narrative in various dimensions and its components in history books for the eleventh grade of the second year of high school in the fields of art and vocational education. The findings show that in the history textbook, we are faced with a kind of active dynamic in the national strategic narrative. The authors have made a significant effort in this area, but there are many gaps in other dimensions, including the international dimensions and in the thematic context of the strategic narrative. The data analysis method in this study was a quantitative thematic method. This research falls within the field of applied research.History textbooks are one of the important tools in forming and transmitting "identity" with national and international characteristics among students. Analyzing the content of these books, especially at the secondary level, clarifies the extent to which their authors have been able to act as a communication, management, and educational tool, helping students to have a common understanding of the current situation, the future vision, and their role in realizing this vision, and to convey these concepts to students through their content and work effectively towards their internalization. The aim of this research is to analyze the formation and formulation of a strategic narrative, trace its components in textbooks, and the quality of its coherence in a whole course unit. The main question of this research is based on how the components of a strategic grand narrative are formulated in the eleventh grade history curriculum. The basis of the work is to examine the strategic narrative in various dimensions and its components in history books for the eleventh grade of the second year of high school in the fields of art and vocational education. The findings show that in the history textbook, we are faced with a kind of active dynamic in the national strategic narrative. The authors have made a significant effort in this area, but there are many gaps in other dimensions, including the international dimensions and in the thematic context of the strategic narrative. The data analysis method in this study was a quantitative thematic method. This research falls within the field of applied research.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252014_cc3e5a0d78f5647171497baec11e87a3.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901An Approach to Critiquing Contemporary Iranian Architectural Design (A Study of Four Award-Winning Houses in the Memar Award)An Approach to Critiquing Contemporary Iranian Architectural Design (A Study of Four Award-Winning Houses in the Memar Award)13516425201310.22034/rjnsq.2026.540252.1724FASedighehMoein MehrDepartment of Architecture, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author).0000-0001-6879-1425Journal Article20260204Today, various approaches to architectural design are adopted by designers in response to the specific characteristics of the design subject, environmental and functional considerations, and other relevant factors. The aim of this research is to examine and critique four contemporary houses that have received the Memar Award in different years. The research method consisted of two stages. The first stage was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical orientation, and data were collected from library sources and documentary evidence. In the second stage, four of the aforementioned houses were evaluated through logical reasoning based on seven perspectives. The main research question is the extent to which these houses have met the criteria of a desirable dwelling from the perspective of seven approaches to architectural criticism: Classical, Romantic, Formalist, Contextual, Phenomenological, Media-oriented, and the Islamic perspective. The findings indicate that the four selected contemporary houses did not exhibit the same degree of conformity with the aforementioned perspectives, and each project performed more successfully from certain perspectives according to its design priorities. The results of the analyses indicate that, although concepts such as attention to climate, the use of indigenous materials, and certain spatial principles derived from the Islamic perspective can be observed at the physical and formal levels in most cases, these concepts have rarely been realized as a coherent and integrated spatial system. The distancing of contemporary house design from the principles of Islamic architecture may lead to the weakening of components of Iranian national identity in dwellings. Conversely, a conscious reconsideration of these principles can provide an opportunity to enhance spatial quality and strengthen cultural identity in contemporary Iranian residential architecture.Today, various approaches to architectural design are adopted by designers in response to the specific characteristics of the design subject, environmental and functional considerations, and other relevant factors. The aim of this research is to examine and critique four contemporary houses that have received the Memar Award in different years. The research method consisted of two stages. The first stage was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical orientation, and data were collected from library sources and documentary evidence. In the second stage, four of the aforementioned houses were evaluated through logical reasoning based on seven perspectives. The main research question is the extent to which these houses have met the criteria of a desirable dwelling from the perspective of seven approaches to architectural criticism: Classical, Romantic, Formalist, Contextual, Phenomenological, Media-oriented, and the Islamic perspective. The findings indicate that the four selected contemporary houses did not exhibit the same degree of conformity with the aforementioned perspectives, and each project performed more successfully from certain perspectives according to its design priorities. The results of the analyses indicate that, although concepts such as attention to climate, the use of indigenous materials, and certain spatial principles derived from the Islamic perspective can be observed at the physical and formal levels in most cases, these concepts have rarely been realized as a coherent and integrated spatial system. The distancing of contemporary house design from the principles of Islamic architecture may lead to the weakening of components of Iranian national identity in dwellings. Conversely, a conscious reconsideration of these principles can provide an opportunity to enhance spatial quality and strengthen cultural identity in contemporary Iranian residential architecture.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252013_8b0cac2c8d7c27c3764291dfa67e60a7.pdfInstitute of National StudiesNational Studies Journal1735-059X2710520260901The Role of Qashqai Handicrafts in the Sustainable Development of Cultural Tourism and the Strengthening of National CohesionThe Role of Qashqai Handicrafts in the Sustainable Development of Cultural Tourism and the Strengthening of National Cohesion16718225201810.22034/rjnsq.2026.543605.1721FASabaParvin JahroniPh.D. Candidate., Department of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0008-5694-9879VahidRashidvashDepartment of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author(.0000-0002-8310-6411YaqoubSharbatianDepartment of Anthropology, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.0000-0002-0808-1146Mohammad HadiMansour LecourgeDepartment of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-8310-6411Journal Article20260212Handicrafts, as one of the most significant manifestations of material culture, play a fundamental role in representing local and ethnic identities and in linking them to broader social processes. Despite the extensive body of research on the handicrafts of Iranian ethnic groups, their role in mediating the relationship between cultural tourism and the strengthening of national cohesion has received limited attention from an anthropological and theoretical perspective. Focusing on the handicrafts of the Qashqai tribe, this study examines how the material culture of this community contributes to the development of cultural tourism and the reproduction of national identity. This research adopts a qualitative approach and employs a phenomenological method. Data were collected through documentary research and fieldwork and were analyzed using a three-stage coding process. The theoretical framework is grounded in Appadurai’s theory of the “social life of things” and Miller’s theory of material culture, which together enable an understanding of the interaction between cultural objects, symbolic meanings, and identity formation. The findings indicate that Qashqai handicrafts, through the representation of the nomadic lifeworld, ethnic diversity, and cultural narratives, deepen the experience of cultural tourism while simultaneously providing a platform for mutual understanding and the strengthening of national cohesion. Accordingly, Qashqai handicrafts function not merely as economic commodities but as carriers of meaning and identity, playing a significant role in bridging ethnic culture and national identity.Handicrafts, as one of the most significant manifestations of material culture, play a fundamental role in representing local and ethnic identities and in linking them to broader social processes. Despite the extensive body of research on the handicrafts of Iranian ethnic groups, their role in mediating the relationship between cultural tourism and the strengthening of national cohesion has received limited attention from an anthropological and theoretical perspective. Focusing on the handicrafts of the Qashqai tribe, this study examines how the material culture of this community contributes to the development of cultural tourism and the reproduction of national identity. This research adopts a qualitative approach and employs a phenomenological method. Data were collected through documentary research and fieldwork and were analyzed using a three-stage coding process. The theoretical framework is grounded in Appadurai’s theory of the “social life of things” and Miller’s theory of material culture, which together enable an understanding of the interaction between cultural objects, symbolic meanings, and identity formation. The findings indicate that Qashqai handicrafts, through the representation of the nomadic lifeworld, ethnic diversity, and cultural narratives, deepen the experience of cultural tourism while simultaneously providing a platform for mutual understanding and the strengthening of national cohesion. Accordingly, Qashqai handicrafts function not merely as economic commodities but as carriers of meaning and identity, playing a significant role in bridging ethnic culture and national identity.https://www.rjnsq.ir/article_252018_7bde3b10b710843a9db962ac591ec1c7.pdf